This is a German contract buckle made for the Turkish army from about 1895 onwards, when the German and Austrian arms contracts started replacing British and French ones. The Turkish army continued to wear these buckles into the 1960s.

The double horse motif could refer to Hamburg or Brunswick, as there is a Party day badge for Hamburg with a very similar double horse motif, while Brunswick also used the horse as a central motif on its coat of arms. These are rare on account of the strong probability that the bulk of them were scrapped for their metal content during WW2.

This has got its original leather tag, designed to keep the ammunition pouch in place on the belt, and is stamped 'OEL' to the reverse, which may stand for 'Offenberg - Engels & Co, Ludenscheid'. The size of the lettering (larger than normal) may indicate post-war ownership by this factory for use on a display board or as a sample.

This is the standard Luftwaffe combat belt of the middle years of WW2. Prior to the outbreak of war, these were normally in brown leather, but by 1940 the colour had changed to black. The buckle is date stamped 1938, maker marked 'F.R.' and the leather tag is stamped 'Franz Reschauer // Oberstein' around 1938. The reverse has unit markings.

This little buckle (4cm diameter) was the German equivalent of the midshipman's buckle in the Royal Navy and fulfilled a similar function, namely to hang the dirk from a belt, but in this case a dark blue silk one. As with virtually all of these, there is no maker's mark. This is the second pattern, with the W superimposed on the anchor.